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Fossil fuels substitution in large combustion plant
Hájek, Zdeněk ; Popela, Pavel (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The thesis aims at current issues of using renewable resources here in the Czech Republic, mainly on biomass co-firing with fossil fuels in large combustion plant. The introduction provides an overview of systems for biomass co-firing. Further the using of optimization for solution problem of integration biomass fuels into existing large combustion plants and planning its operation conditions is presented. The main point of this thesis lies in creating of a user interface for modeling and optimization tool. Its functionality will be proved by solving a case study involving the analysis of possibilities for replacing fossil fuels due to the limited availability of coal in the market.
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Cogeneration influence on power industry and power market in Czech Republic
Dudáš, Michal ; Cerman, Marek (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
The main goal of this master’s thesis is to find out the impact of future development in combined heat and power technologies, especially the impact on power market in Czech Republic regarding to historical development of photovoltaics and subsidy policy. There are three scenarios of installed power growth designed including calculations of renewable energy source financial fee as well as overall evaluation. The paper also deals with current status of combined heat and power technologies in Czech Republic, European Union and USA as well as legislature framework of CHP in Czech Republic and EU. There are also kinds of state grants described. In economical part of the paper there are NPV’s of particular cogeneration units calculated. The calculations were made both with current investment costs and reduced investment costs.
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Optimization of Energy Flow During WWTP Operation - Smart Area Net
Pěcha, Jiří ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Braciník,, Peter (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The dissertation work deals with the issue of water treatment and possibilities of energy savings during the operation of sewage treatment plants. The aim of the work is to find the potential of alternative energy use, economical consumption, improvement of the facility system management and quality improvement of the wastewater treatment process. In the first part of the work, operating processes, energy flows and energy savings are discussed. To analyze the problematics, larger sewage treatment plants were chosen. Thanks to their size, it was easier to find critical points and test the usage of renewable sources in operation. After the energy audit, the individual processes were assessed and real operation pitfalls were determined. Further steps led to focusing on smaller facilities up to 2 000 PE. This step was carried out with the intention of preparing these plants for the planned legislative change and helping to create or modernize more energy-efficient solutions. Thanks to the establishment of consortium of Brno University of Technology, the Department of Electric Power Engineering and a company dealing with water treatment and automation control, a solution was created that modernize the electrical, automation and water treatment part of the plant operation. This innovative application was installed in the sewage treatment plant, where the issues were debugged, control algorithms were tested and the entire operation was launched in automatic mode. At the end of the wastewater treatment plant modernization, PV panels were installed on the roof, thus partially suppling the object with renewable energy.
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Partial Solution of Hybrid System with Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Renewable Sources
Ptáček, Michal ; Mišák, Stanislav (referee) ; Tlustý,, Josef (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
The thesis deals with the principle functions of low-temperature fuel cells with proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), photovoltaic sources (PVPP) and wind energy sources (WPP), along with solving their detailed mathematical expressions. In this work, the individual sources and their simulated models are analyzed in depth. The actual simulation is preceded by familiarization with important historical milestones in the development of fuel cells. Furthermore there is a basic classification of fuel cells and the characteristics of the cells used in the energy sectors. The text also provides information on projects that address the implementation of PEMFC as a primary or supplementary source of energy. Along with outlining the options for PEMFC as a perspective hydrogen technologies in the near future, the basic methods of hydrogen production and storage options are presented for the complexity. The work is exclusively focused on improving PEMFC mathematical models that under the hybrid system cooperate with renewable energy sources (RES). Part of the theses contains a short review of run or modeled concepts of hybrid systems in the energy sector. Using these models the main deficiencies of the models or of the whole PEMFC system can be identify. Specifications of the deficiencies lead to the creation of a new advanced dynamic PEMFC model that allows an analysis of the development of electrical and non-electrical quantities using long term tests. Furthermore, the thesis presents results of the experiments of thermal and dynamic behavior PEMFC, which were obtained from the additionally extended model with a reformer and the DC/DC converter. In this text there is a model of a photovoltaic module created, which is based on the nominal values parameterization. The model is subjected to basic experiments in which measured hydrometeorological data are used. If the hybrid system utilizes renewable energy sources, it is good to know the evolution of atmospheric conditions in the installation of these resources. Specifically for PVPP, publicly available databases containing information about solar radiation levels can be used for the selected location. Public databases are often used for initial design and manufacturing options for PVPP. An evaluation of the relevancy of public databases is performed based on a long-term observation of real measured data. Furthermore, these data are used for experiments on the photovoltaic module. Partially the text addresses the issue of the wind energy sources, however, it is simulated only on a simplified model of WPP. Created models of subsystems can be generally implemented as partial inputs hybrid systems in the future work. The thesis was developed at Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy (CVVOZE) with the financial support of the National Programme for Sustainability and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the project no. LO1210 - Energy for Sustainable Development and the project no. FEKT-S-14-2520 - New Technologies for Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Systems. The thesis was also generated under the project no. TA03020523 - Dynamic model of distribution network with the financial support of Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
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Compare prices of electricity from nuclear power and renewable energy sources
Sláma, Miloslav ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
This work deals with the components that that creates price of electricity and the regulation of electricity prices. It explains methods of regulation, setting electricity prices. It examines the factors that affect it. It also deals with the calculation of the price of electricity from various energy sources. It studies Support RES system, the conditions for obtaining and statistical data on development aid. It adds alternative sources of energy and their future and security.
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Ekonomické dopady podpory výroby energie z fotovoltaických článků v České republice
Krška, Štěpán ; Hrubý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
v Abstract The bachelor's thesis focuses on the generation of energy from photovoltaic cells in the Czech Republic and calculation of costs resulting from a support of renewable energy sources. Second part, following a short introduction, contains a brief description of the energy market in the Czech Republic and definitions of renewable energy sources. Third part covers photovoltaic energy in general. It deals with its historical development, technology and potential in the Czech Republic. Fourth part concerns with a legislation and contains a basic overview of the energy legislation of the Czech Republic and the European Union. Fifth part elaborates on the potential of other renewable sources in the Czech Republic and based on expert studies outlines their possible future development. Sixth part comments on the situation of photovoltaics in other states and brings a view of the support of renewable sources in Germany, Spain and Italy. Seventh (analytical) part deals with an analysis and calculations of the costs of the support of individual renewable sources including photovoltaics, cogeneration and secondary resources. The thesis is ended with a conclusion summarising the main results of the work.
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Analysis of the renewable energy support schemes in the EU: Can be an ECOlogical also an ECOnomical?
Andoková, Senta ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Rečka, Lukáš (referee)
The study compares FIT (Feed-in tariff) and RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) as the two most commonly used support schemes for renewable energy sources (RES) in the EU. It examines a relationship of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and by a practical experiment for public lighting in Prague the study proposes an ecological functioning of electricity grids in the EU with CO2 emissions reduction effect. The main contribution lies in the recency and originality of the econometric analysis and practical experiment. FIT and RPS analysis demonstrates that both schemes affect demand for electricity and increase its price. The econometric model was tested for 28 EU countries for 1990-2013. The results say that the EU is currently located on the downslope of the inverted U-shaped EKC with a turning point, after which the dependence begins to grow. Nevertheless, for the most of observations the turning point is too far to be a source of concern. Practical experiment has shown that installation of energy saving devices for electricity grids in the EU can bring satisfactory results in reducing CO2 emissions independently of state aid. More efficient use of existing energy sources, however, should rather serve as a complement to conventional support, phasing out with the development of RES technologies....
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Optimization of Energy Flow During WWTP Operation - Smart Area Net
Pěcha, Jiří ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Braciník,, Peter (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The dissertation work deals with the issue of water treatment and possibilities of energy savings during the operation of sewage treatment plants. The aim of the work is to find the potential of alternative energy use, economical consumption, improvement of the facility system management and quality improvement of the wastewater treatment process. In the first part of the work, operating processes, energy flows and energy savings are discussed. To analyze the problematics, larger sewage treatment plants were chosen. Thanks to their size, it was easier to find critical points and test the usage of renewable sources in operation. After the energy audit, the individual processes were assessed and real operation pitfalls were determined. Further steps led to focusing on smaller facilities up to 2 000 PE. This step was carried out with the intention of preparing these plants for the planned legislative change and helping to create or modernize more energy-efficient solutions. Thanks to the establishment of consortium of Brno University of Technology, the Department of Electric Power Engineering and a company dealing with water treatment and automation control, a solution was created that modernize the electrical, automation and water treatment part of the plant operation. This innovative application was installed in the sewage treatment plant, where the issues were debugged, control algorithms were tested and the entire operation was launched in automatic mode. At the end of the wastewater treatment plant modernization, PV panels were installed on the roof, thus partially suppling the object with renewable energy.
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Renewable energy sources support yesterday, today and tomorrow
Měsícová, Gabriela ; Pokorný, Jiří (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
Renewable energy sources support yesterday, today and tomorrow Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the issue of amendment to the Act on Supported Energy Sources 165/2012 Coll. It specifically focuses on the topic of auction mechanisms used as a tool for determining state aid. Over the past few years, these mechanisms have been successfully replacing the existing European renewable energy sources (RES) support systems and are also recommended by the European Commission, which considers them best option for the internal market. The thesis maps the historical development of RES support in Europe and consequently also in the national context, taking into account international commitments, and revealing the motivation for the reform of the existing system. It also focuses on the principles of auction mechanisms in theory, using in particular foreign literature, and monitors in particular approaches to providing pre-contractual certainty for both investors and the state, the way in which auctions are affected by the volumes of energy demanded or the lack of competition, as well as considering the advantages and disadvantages of each auction pricing approach. Consequently, the thesis follows the practical implementation of auctions in Germany and Poland, noting the specific mechanisms that these neighboring...
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Influence of renewable energy sources on transmission networks in Central Europe
Málek, Jan ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Zeynalov, Ayaz (referee)
This thesis focuses on the influence of renewable energy sources on the transmission networks in Central Europe. Firstly, it gives an overview of the power and transmission systems of Central European states. Based on the analysis, three key causes of congestion and instability of the grid are identified. These include (i) insufficient transmission capacity between northern and southern Germany, (ii) Energiewende policy and (iii) existence of German-Austrian bidding zone. To assess the exact impact on the transmission grid, ELMOD model is employed. Two development scenarios for the year 2025 are evaluated on the basis of four representative weeks of the year 2015. The first scenario focuses on the effect of Energiewende on the transmission networks, the second one drops out nuclear phase-out and thus assesses isolated effect of increased solar and wind feed-in. The results indicate that higher feed-in of solar and wind power increases the exchange balance and total transport of electricity between TSO areas as well as the average load of lines and volatility of flows. Solar power is identified as a key contributor to the volatility increase, wind power is identified as a key loop-flow contributor. Eventually, it is concluded that German nuclear phase-out does not significantly exacerbate mentioned problems.
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